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Severe adhesive small bowel obstruction

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 436-439 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0221-7

摘要：

Adhesive small bowel obstruction is a frequent cause of hospital admission. Water soluble contrast studies may have diagnostic and therapeutic value and avoid challenging demanding surgical operations, but if bowel ischemia is suspected, prompt surgical intervention is mandatory. A 58-year-old patient was operated for extensive adhesive small bowel obstruction after having had two previous laparotomies for colorectal surgery, and had a complex clinical course with multiple operations and several complications. Different strategies of management have been adopted, including non-operative management with the use of hyperosmolar water soluble contrast medium, multiple surgical procedures, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) support, and finally use of anti-adherences icodextrin solution. After 2 years follow-up the patient was doing well without presenting recurrent episodes of adhesive small bowel obstruction. For patients admitted several times for adhesive small bowel obstruction, the relative risk of recurring obstruction increases in relation to the number of prior episodes. Several strategies for non-operative conservative management of adhesive small bowel obstruction have already addressed diagnostic and therapeutic value of hyperosmolar water soluble contrast. According to the most recent evidence-based guidelines, open surgery is the preferred method for surgical treatment of strangulating adhesive small bowel obstruction as well as after failed conservative management. Research interest and clinical evidence are increasing in adhesions prevention. Hyaluronic acid-carboxycellulose membrane and icodextrin may reduce incidence of adhesions.

关键词： post-operative intraperitoneal adhesions     adhesive small bowel obstruction     adhesiolysis     antiadhesion treatments     hyperosmolar water soluble contrast medium    

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The unregulated commercialization of stem cell treatments: a global perspective

Douglas Sipp

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 348-355 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0150-x

摘要： Research into the biological properties and clinical potential of stem cells has spurred strong public investment, industry development, media coverage, and patient interest in recent years. To date, however, few clinical applications of demonstrated safety and efficacy have been developed with the exception of uses of hematopoietic stem cells in the treatment of diseases of the blood and immune systems. This lack of an evidence basis notwithstanding, hundreds of companies and private clinics around the world now sell putative stem cell treatments for an enormously broad range of medical and quality-of-life conditions. This represents a major challenge for legitimate scientists working in the field, for authorities seeking to protect their constituencies, and for patients and consumers targeted by such companies’ marketing strategies. In this review, I provide an overview of the global industry in pseudomedical stem cell treatments, with an investigation of claims in a single disease area (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), and make recommendations for the introduction and enforcement of appropriate regulatory responses to this problem.

关键词： stem cell tourism     medical ethics     stem cell policy and regulation     alternative medicine    

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Impact of diabetes and its treatments on skeletal diseases

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 81-90 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0243-9

摘要：

Diabetes mellitus is an enormous menace to public health globally. This chronic disease of metabolism will adversely affect the skeleton if not controlled. Both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Bone mineral density is reduced in T1DM, whereas patients with T2DM have normal or slightly higher bone density, suggesting impaired bone quality is involved. Detrimental effects of T1DM on the skeleton are more severe than T2DM, probably because of the lack of osteo-anabolic effects of insulin and other pancreatic hormones. In both T1DM and T2DM, low bone quality could be caused by various means, including but not limited to hyperglycemia, accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), decreased serum levels of osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone. Risk for osteoarthritis is also elevated in diabetic population. How diabetes accelerates the deterioration of cartilage remains largely unknown. Hyperglycemia and glucose derived AGEs could contribute to the development of osteoarthritis. Moreover, it is recognized that oral antidiabetic medicines affect bone metabolism and turnover as well. Insulin is shown to have anabolic effects on bone and hyperinsulinemia may help to explain the slightly higher bone density in patients with T2DM. Thiazolidinediones can promote bone loss and osteoporotic fractures by suppressing osteoblastogenesis and enhancing osteoclastogenesis. Metformin favors bone formation by stimulating osteoblast differentiation and protecting them against diabetic conditions such as hyperglycemia. Better knowledge of how diabetic conditions and its treatments influence skeletal tissues is in great need in view of the growing and aging population of patients with diabetes mellitus.

关键词： diabetes     bone     osteoporosis     osteoarthritis    

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Testing development of different surface treatments on pervious concrete

Mina YEKKALAR,Liv HASELBACH,Quinn LANGFITT

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 385-393 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0351-0

摘要： Pervious concrete systems are developing stormwater management technologies which also have wintertime benefits as melting snow may percolate into the system instead of refreezing on the surface. Enhancing the surface microtexture of pervious concrete may also be beneficial in preventing icing or slipping by pedestrians. This research explored different surface treatments on pervious concrete specimens both qualitatively from personal judgements, and quantitatively through static friction measurements with a spring balance with respect to “slipperiness”. The tests were performed on both dry and wet specimens. One aim was to determine whether the spring balance method may be a simple test for comparing surface treatments on pavement samples with little surface area such as laboratory specimens or sidewalk sections. The other purpose was to make a preliminary decision of which surface treatments to use for a sidewalk installation for future studies on wintertime performance. The reliability analysis of the spring balance results showed that there was high operator consistency. In addition, there was a high level of consistency on average results between the quantitative and qualitative methods. This implies that the spring balance test may be an acceptable methodology for comparative analyses with respect to static friction.

关键词： pervious concrete     static coefficient of friction     pedestrian    

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assimilable organic carbon (AOC) levels in MBR effluents followed by coagulation, ozonation and combined treatments

Xiaojie Shi, Zhuo Chen, Yun Lu, Qi Shi, Yinhu Wu, Hong-Ying Hu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1360-8

摘要： Abstract • Annual AOCs in MBR effluents were stable with small increase in warmer seasons. • Significant increase in AOC levels of tertiary effluents were observed. • Coagulation in prior to ozonation can reduce AOC formation in tertiary treatment. • ∆UV254 and SUVA can be surrogates to predict the AOC changes during ozonation. As water reuse development has increased, biological stability issues associated with reclaimed water have gained attention. This study evaluated assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in effluents from a full-scale membrane biological reactor (MBR) plant and found that they were generally stable over one year (125–216 µg/L), with slight increases in warmer seasons. After additional tertiary treatments, the largest increases in absolute and specific AOCs were detected during ozonation, followed by coagulation-ozonation and coagulation. Moreover, UV254 absorbance is known to be an effective surrogate to predict the AOC changes during ozonation. Applying coagulation prior to ozonation of MBR effluents for removal of large molecules was found to reduce the AOC formation compared with ozonation treatment alone. Finally, the results revealed that attention should be paid to seasonal variations in influent and organic fraction changes during treatment to enable sustainable water reuse.

关键词： Assimilable organic carbon (AOC)     MBR effluents     Tertiary treatments     Coagulation     Ozonation    

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Cytokine storm and translating IL-6 biology into effective treatments for COVID-19

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1044-4

摘要： As of May 3, 2023, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in more than 760 million confirmed cases and over 6.9 million deaths. Several patients have developed pneumonia, which can deteriorate into acute respiratory distress syndrome. The primary etiology may be attributed to cytokine storm, which is triggered by the excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines and subsequently leads to immune dysregulation. Considering that high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been detected in several highly pathogenic coronavirus-infected diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2002, the Middle East respiratory syndrome in 2012, and COVID-19, the IL-6 pathway has emerged as a key in the pathogenesis of this hyperinflammatory state. Thus, we review the history of cytokine storm and the process of targeting IL-6 signaling to elucidate the pivotal role played by tocilizumab in combating COVID-19.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2     COVID-19     cytokine storm     interleukin-6     tocilizumab    

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Sonication and grinding pre-treatments on

Kit Wayne Chew, Pau Loke Show, Yee Jiun Yap, Joon Ching Juan, Siew Moi Phang, Tau Chuan Ling, Jo-Shu Chang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1040-0

摘要：

Effects of sonication and grinding pretreatment on agarose quality were observed.

Successful agarose extraction with direct PEG method without the need to dry agar.

FTIR spectra and the characteristics peaks in agarose are explained.

Improvements in gel strength and sulfate content properties in agarose samples.

关键词： Agarose     Gelidium     Pretreatment     Seaweed     Sonication    

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Assessment of oxidative and UV-C treatments for inactivating bacterial biofilms from groundwater wells

Kyle E. MURRAY,Erin I. Manitou-ALVAREZ,Enos C. INNISS,Frank G. HEALY,Adria A. BODOUR

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 39-49 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0699-0

摘要： Microorganisms are ubiquitous in natural environments and in water supply infrastructure including groundwater wells. Sessile-state microorganisms may build up on well surfaces as biofilms and, if excessive, cause biofouling that reduces well productivity and water quality. Conditions can be improved using biocides and other traditional well rehabilitation measures; however, biofilm regrowth is inevitable given the continuous introduction of microorganisms from the surrounding environment. Alternative and less invasive well maintenance approaches are desirable for reducing biofilm densities while also minimizing harmful disinfection-by-products. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate effectiveness of alternative treatments for inactivating microorganisms comprising biofilms. A novel approach was designed for in situ growth of biofilms on steel coupons suspended from ‘chandeliers’. After more than 100 days of in situ growth, biofilms were harvested, sampled, and baseline biofilm densities quantified through cultivation. Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) and oxidative treatments including hydrogen peroxide (H O ), ozone (O ) and mixed oxidants were then applied to the biofilms in laboratory-scale treatments. Microbial inactivation was assessed by comparing treated versus baseline biofilm densities. H O was the most effective treatment, and decreased density below baseline by as much as 3.1 orders of magnitude. Mixed oxidants were effective for the well having a lower density biofilm, decreasing density below baseline by as much as 1.4 orders of magnitude. Disparity in the response to treatment was apparent in the wells despite their spatial proximity and common aquifer source, which suggests that microbiological communities are more heterogeneous than the natural media from which they originate.

关键词： well rehabilitation     aquifer     biofouling     hydrogen peroxide     sustainability    

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金属矿山尾矿问题及其综合利用与治理

蔡嗣经,杨鹏

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第4期   页码 89-92

摘要：

我国金属矿山在地面积存的尾矿已达40多亿t，并以每年约2.1亿t的速度在增长。金属矿山尾矿的主要特点为颗粒极细、数量极大、毒性很强、浓度很低。尾矿库占用大量土地，尾矿库工程事故，尾矿对地面环境和地下水源的污染等，迫切需要采用新技术开展对尾矿综合利用和治理的研究与开发，包括回收利用尾矿中的金属和非金属元素，利用尾矿制作建筑材料或磁性肥料；采用各种措施全面治理尾矿，如设立地下尾矿库，利用地面尾矿库作排土场，尾矿膏体地面无坝堆放与同步复垦等，其最终目标是建立“无尾矿山”。

关键词： 金属矿山     尾矿     环境污染     地下尾矿库     尾矿膏体     无尾矿    

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Towards Cr(VI)-free anodization of aluminum alloys for aerospace adhesive bonding applications: A review

Shoshan T. Abrahami, John M. M. de Kok, Herman Terryn, Johannes M. C. Mol

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 465-482 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1641-3

摘要： For more than six decades, chromic acid anodizing (CAA) has been the central process in the surface pre-treatment of aluminum for adhesively bonded aircraft structures. Unfortunately, this electrolyte contains hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a compound known for its toxicity and carcinogenic properties. To comply with the new strict international regulations, the Cr(VI)-era will soon have to come to an end. Anodizing aluminum in acid electrolytes produces a self-ordered porous oxide layer. Although different acids can be used to create this type of structure, the excellent adhesion and corrosion resistance that is currently achieved by the complete Cr(VI)-based process is not easily matched. This paper provides a critical overview and appraisal of proposed alternatives to CAA, including combinations of multiple anodizing steps, pre- and post anodizing treatments. The work is presented in terms of the modifications to the oxide properties, such as morphological features (e.g., pore size, barrier layer thickness) and surface chemistry, in order to evaluate the link between fundamental principles of adhesion and bond performance.

关键词： aluminum     Cr(VI)-free     surface pre-treatments     anodizing     adhesive bonding    

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微针递送系统用于皮肤疾病的局部增效治疗——应用、挑战和前景 Review

龚明宇, 陈杨燕, 胡婉姗, 陆超, 潘昕, 彭婷婷, 陈天祥, 吴传斌

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第30卷 第11期   页码 170-189 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.009

摘要：

微针能直接将治疗药物递送到皮肤病变部位，从而提高治疗效果和降低副作用，因而可用于皮肤疾病的局部治疗。微针可以递送不同种类的治疗药物（如小分子药物、大分子药物、纳米药物、活细胞、细菌和外泌体）来治疗各种皮肤疾病，包括浅表肿瘤、伤口、皮肤感染、炎症性皮肤病和异常皮肤外观。微针的治疗效率可以通过以下几种策略来提高：①整合不同治疗方法的优点来进行联合治疗；②对微针的结构进行仿生设计或者赋予微针内外源响应性释药性能来提高药物的经皮递送效率。一些研究提出将无药物微针发展为一种有前景的机械治疗方法，即通过微针的机械刺激产生机械转导信号来促进伤口愈合、疤痕消退和毛发再生。虽然微针具有诸多优点，但微针的实际应用还存在工业化生产和临床评价难等问题，进而制约微针的临床转化。本文总结了微针在皮肤疾病中的各种应用、新出现的挑战和发展前景，为微针的临床转化思路提供借鉴。

关键词： 微针     经皮给药系统     皮肤疾病     治疗     挑战     前景    

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Microbial responses to combined oxidation and catalysis treatment of 1,4-dioxane and co-contaminants in groundwater and soil

Yu Miao, Nicholas W. Johnson, Kimberly Heck, Sujin Guo, Camilah D. Powell, Thien Phan, Phillip B. Gedalanga, David T. Adamson, Charles J. Newell, Michael S. Wong, Shaily Mahendra

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1071-6

摘要：

Groundwater microbial community was altered after catalysis and chemical oxidation.

The coupled treatment train removed 90% 1,4-dioxane regardless of co-contaminants.

Dynamics of microbial populations varied along with different treatment stages.

Many microbial taxa exhibited resilience against oxidative and catalytic treatments.

Metagenomic analysis will be valuable for long-term management of polluted sites.

关键词： Coupled treatments     Chlorinated solvents     Diethylene ether     Biological diversity     Microbial populations     Biomarkers    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Severe adhesive small bowel obstruction

null

期刊论文

The unregulated commercialization of stem cell treatments: a global perspective

Douglas Sipp

期刊论文

Impact of diabetes and its treatments on skeletal diseases

null

期刊论文

Testing development of different surface treatments on pervious concrete

Mina YEKKALAR,Liv HASELBACH,Quinn LANGFITT

期刊论文

assimilable organic carbon (AOC) levels in MBR effluents followed by coagulation, ozonation and combined treatments

Xiaojie Shi, Zhuo Chen, Yun Lu, Qi Shi, Yinhu Wu, Hong-Ying Hu

期刊论文

Cytokine storm and translating IL-6 biology into effective treatments for COVID-19

期刊论文

Sonication and grinding pre-treatments on

Kit Wayne Chew, Pau Loke Show, Yee Jiun Yap, Joon Ching Juan, Siew Moi Phang, Tau Chuan Ling, Jo-Shu Chang

期刊论文

Assessment of oxidative and UV-C treatments for inactivating bacterial biofilms from groundwater wells

Kyle E. MURRAY,Erin I. Manitou-ALVAREZ,Enos C. INNISS,Frank G. HEALY,Adria A. BODOUR

期刊论文

金属矿山尾矿问题及其综合利用与治理

蔡嗣经,杨鹏

期刊论文

Towards Cr(VI)-free anodization of aluminum alloys for aerospace adhesive bonding applications: A review

Shoshan T. Abrahami, John M. M. de Kok, Herman Terryn, Johannes M. C. Mol

期刊论文

微针递送系统用于皮肤疾病的局部增效治疗——应用、挑战和前景

龚明宇, 陈杨燕, 胡婉姗, 陆超, 潘昕, 彭婷婷, 陈天祥, 吴传斌

期刊论文

Microbial responses to combined oxidation and catalysis treatment of 1,4-dioxane and co-contaminants in groundwater and soil

Yu Miao, Nicholas W. Johnson, Kimberly Heck, Sujin Guo, Camilah D. Powell, Thien Phan, Phillip B. Gedalanga, David T. Adamson, Charles J. Newell, Michael S. Wong, Shaily Mahendra

期刊论文